LumiTac: Compact, High-Rate Six-Axis Optical Tactile Sensing for Human-Robot Interaction
Integrating six-axis tactile feedback into robotic interfaces requires compact sensors with accurate load measurement and rapid online reconstruction. This paper presents LumiTac, a low-profile, camera-free optoelectronic tactile sensor combining spatially distributed illumination with spectral encoding. Five photoemitters and five RGBW photoreceivers are mounted on opposing circuit boards coupled through translucent silicone. Load-induced interlayer motion modulates the internal light field under compression, shear, bending, and torsion. The sensing head measures 12 mm in diameter and 4.75 mm in thickness, weighs less than 2 g, and has a component cost of approximately USD 7. A compact multilayer perceptron reconstructs three force and three moment components from 20 optical channels. Independent testing yielded coefficients of determination (R-squared) of 0.9657-0.9941, with mean absolute errors of 0.054-0.190 N for forces and 0.304-1.419 mN m for moments. Online prediction achieved an average update rate of 303.57 Hz and a median software processing latency of 0.722 ms. Experiments involving combined loading, light weights, and rapid tapping evaluated load tracking, sensitivity to small forces, and transient response, respectively. Robotic demonstrations further validated its applicability to tactile-guided manipulation and physical human-robot interaction. This study paves the way for compact, high-rate optical tactile sensing in robotic manipulation and human-robot interaction.
兴趣：dexterous hands and tactile sensing